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Journal of Bacteriology, May 2008, p. 3700-3711, Vol. 190, No. 10
0021-9193/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.00067-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Opine-Based Agrobacterium Competitiveness: Dual Expression Control of the Agrocinopine Catabolism (acc) Operon by Agrocinopines and Phosphate Levels ^,

Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea,¹ Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801²

Received 14 January 2008/ Accepted 5 March 2008

Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58 can transform plant cells to produce and secrete the sugar-phosphate conjugate opines agrocinopines A and B. The bacterium then moves in response to the opines and utilizes them as exclusive sources of carbon, energy, and phosphate via the functions encoded by the acc operon. These privileged opine-involved activities contribute to the formation of agrobacterial niches in the environment. We found that the expression of the acc operon is induced by agrocinopines and also by limitation of phosphate. The main promoter is present in front of the first gene, accR, which codes for a repressor. This operon structure enables efficient repression when opine levels are low. The promoter contains two putative operators, one overlapping the –10 sequence and the other in the further upstream from it; two partly overlapped putative pho boxes between the two operators; and two consecutive transcription start sites. DNA fragments containing either of the operators bound purified repressor AccR in the absence of agrocinopines but not in the presence of the opines, demonstrating the on-off switch of the promoter. Induction of the acc operon can occur under low-phosphate conditions in the absence of agrocinopines and further increases when the opines also are present. Such opine-phosphate dual regulatory system of the operon may ensure maximum utilization of agrocinopines when available and thereby increase the chances of agrobacterial survival in the highly competitive environment with limited general food sources.

Published ahead of print on 14 March 2008.

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