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J Bacteriol, June 1998, p. 2975-2982, Vol. 180, No. 11
0021-9193/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Phylogeny of Dissimilatory Sulfite Reductases Supports an Early Origin of Sulfate Respiration

Michael Wagner,1,dagger Andrew J. Roger,2 Jodi L. Flax,1 Gregory A. Brusseau,1 and David A. Stahl1,*

Department of Civil Engineering, Technological Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3109,1 and Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543-10152

Received 12 January 1998/Accepted 24 March 1998

Microorganisms that use sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration play a central role in the global sulfur cycle. Here, we report the results of comparative sequence analysis of dissimilatory sulfite reductase (DSR) genes from closely and distantly related sulfate-reducing organisms to infer the evolutionary history of DSR. A 1.9-kb DNA region encoding most of the alpha  and beta  subunits of DSR could be recovered only from organisms capable of dissimilatory sulfate reduction with a PCR primer set targeting highly conserved regions in these genes. All DNA sequences obtained were highly similar to one another (49 to 89% identity), and their inferred evolutionary relationships were nearly identical to those inferred on the basis of 16S rRNA. We conclude that the high similarity of bacterial and archaeal DSRs reflects their common origin from a conserved DSR. This ancestral DSR was either present before the split between the domains Bacteria, Archaea, and Eucarya or laterally transferred between Bacteria and Archaea soon after domain divergence. Thus, if the physiological role of the DSR was constant over time, then early ancestors of Bacteria and Archaea already possessed a key enzyme of sulfate and sulfite respiration.


* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Civil Engineering, Technological Institute, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208-3109. Phone: (847) 491-4997. Fax: (847) 491-4011. E-mail: d-stahl{at}nwu.edu.

dagger Present address: Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, D-80290 Munich, Germany.


J Bacteriol, June 1998, p. 2975-2982, Vol. 180, No. 11
0021-9193/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.



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